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The history of violence against LGBT people in the United States is made up of assaults on gay men, lesbians, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex individuals (LGBTQI), legal responses to such violence, and hate crime statistics in the United States of America. Those targeted by such violence are perceived to violate heteronormative rules and contravene perceived protocols of gender and sexual roles. People who are perceived to be LGBTQI may also be targeted. A hate crime is simply defined as when individuals become victimized because of their race, ethnicity, religion, gender or sexual orientation.〔Stotzer, R.: (Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups ), Williams Institute, 2007–06. Retrieved on August 9, 2007.〕 Hate crimes against LGBTQI people often occur because the perpetrators are homophobic. Violence targeted at people because of their perceived sexuality can be psychological and physical up to and including murder. These actions may be caused by cultural, religious, or political mores and biases. In the case of Ahmed Said and Dwone Anderson-Young, they can targeted within larger murder spree intended to punish the US for military policies in the Middle East. ==Federal hate crime statistics== In 2004, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police were founded on perceived sexual orientation. 61% of those attacks were against gay men, 14% against lesbians, 2% against heterosexuals and 1% against bisexuals, while attacks against LGBT people at large made up 20%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hate Crime – Crime in the United States 2004 )〕 Violence based on perceived gender identity was not recorded in the report. The FBI reported that for 2006, hate crimes against gays increased from 14% to 16% in 2005, as percentage of total documented hate crimes across the U.S. The 2006 annual report, released on November 19, 2007, also said that hate crimes based on sexual orientation are the third most common type, behind race and religion.〔 In 2008, 17.6% of hate crimes were based on the victim's perceived sexual orientation. Of those crimes, 72.23% were violent in nature. 4,704 crimes were committed due to racial bias and 1,617 were committed due to sexual orientation. Of these, only one murder and one forcible rape were committed due to racial bias, whereas five murders and six rapes were committed based on sexual orientation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hate Crime Statistics: Offense Type by Bias Motivation )〕 Santa Clara County Deputy District Attorney (DDA) Jay Boyarsky attributed a surge in anti-gay hate crimes, from 3 in 2007 to 14 in 2008, to controversy over Proposition 8. However, the DDA cautioned against reading too much from small statistical samples, pointing out that the vast majority of hate incidents do not get referred to the District Attorney's office. In 2011, the FBI reported 1,572 hate crime victims targeted based on a sexual orientation bias, making up 20.4% of the total hate crimes for that year. Of the total victims, 56.7% were targeted based on anti-male homosexual bias, 29.6% were targeted based on anti-homosexual bias, and 11.1% were targeted based on anti-female homosexual bias.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FBI — Victims )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of violence against LGBT people in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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